Why deep space exploration will never happen

AI has replaced outer space as humanity’s final frontier. The technological imperative leaves deep space unsettled.

Deep-space exploration cuts against the logic of media evolution. That’s why it has stalled. The only reason to revive it is AI’s needs, and even those don’t extend beyond the already reached frontiers of orbit and the Moon. AI doesn’t need to go farther, and therefore neither do we. An excerpt from the chapter “Cascade of Singularity” in The Technological Imperative (just published).

Science fiction has long romanticized interstellar travel and deep space colonization. But here’s the truth: sci-fi lies. Deep space exploration will never happen.

The vision of deep space exploration is a typical McLuhan “rearview mirror”: a view of the past disguised as a look into the future. It imagines mankind sending rocket ships to mine rare minerals or settle new planets, following the logic of the early modern era and its Age of Discovery, when merchants, adventurers, and second sons embarked on ships to find new wealth and land overseas, as all the wealth and land at home were taken or spent.

Projecting medieval scarcity onto a technological future doesn’t hold up because the level of technological sophistication required to make such missions viable would simultaneously make their stated goals obsolete. By the time mankind could routinely mine asteroids or colonize distant worlds, it would also be able to synthesize virtually any material and, more consequentially, transcend biological existence altogether into digital form, be that mind uploading, artificial intelligence, or their hybrids.

You don’t cross the cosmic ocean for iron ore or black pepper when you can print it. You don’t haul fragile human bodies into lethal environments when the mind can be extended digitally (or, soon, maybe somehow else) at essentially zero physical cost and reach wherever it wants. The level of tech that is advanced enough for routine interplanetary mining and colonization should also make dependence on physical materials, the physical body, and a physical habitat entirely irrelevant.

Strictly speaking, even the Mars mission is questionable. Space exploration was driven by military and communication needs, which were limited to Earth’s orbit. Once those needs were met, space exploration essentially came to a halt. It has already served its historical purpose by aiding the development of computers, materials, and communications.

The only plausible revival of practical space needs, limited once again to orbit and the moon, is linked to AI. Elon Musk’s recent pivot from Mars colonization to building the orbital and lunar infrastructure for AI looks, at first glance, like a utilitarian shift from distant and costly goals to the task at hand. But it may also signal a paradigm shift from the belated romanticism of space colonization toward the technological advance that actually matters: AI. Orbital and lunar facilities for power generation, chip production, and cooling, along with escape from annoying terrestrial regulation, are likely to become the next phase in the AI race. Musk’s business empire combines AI (xAI-Grok, Neuralink), orbital delivery (SpaceX), and manufacturing (Tesla and others) in a way that positions him ahead private AI competitors. The only rival that has such a triad—AI, space, high-tech manufacturing—within a single power is China.

Nanotechnology, often seen as humanity’s next great frontier alongside space exploration, runs into the same paradox. In essence, it is a modern incarnation of alchemy—manipulating matter at the atomic level to create new properties, ultimately including the repair of organic tissue and, by extension, rejuvenation and even immortality. This was exactly what alchemy pursued: the philosopher’s stone, capable of transmuting lead into gold and producing the elixir of life. We can already make gold out of lead in a particle accelerator, and stem cells deliver real tissue regeneration.

Manipulating matter at the micro level has contributed greatly to technological development, just as space exploration has—but that’s it. Nanotechnology and space exploration are becoming the past frontiers of the future. Both races—the race for the macrocosm of the universe and the race for the microcosm of matter—were essentially the same space race, the colonization of physical space, following the logic of the biological extension that has driven the expansion of our species’ econiche to the planet’s orbital boundaries.

No matter how far we push into the cosmic and the atomic, we’re still constrained by the physical limits of our biology. Beyond a certain point, the returns simply don’t justify the cost. We hit the space limits of our biology. Overcoming those limits is possible only by transcending biology itself (Kurzweil was perhaps the first to use the phrase “transcending biology,” in the subtitle of his 2005 book The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology).

In the meantime, our speed of environmental interaction has hit another limit. With electronic and now digital media, our interaction with environments has become instantaneous. In the digital environment, for the first time in history, the environmental outcomes of our actions are as fast as our own neurological reactions (in fact, even faster, as our neurons and nerves are up to two million times slower than “electric speed,” but it doesn’t matter because we sense both neural and digital speed as instantaneous).

Approaching the limits is the condition for reversal: the physical explosion of humankind across the globe has reversed into the digital implosion of the entire world into a connected mind (so far, the human mind).

We are switching from colonizing outer space to colonizing some sort of “inner” space containing intelligence. The digital seems to fit this description, though digital may be just a facet of it, currently available for our contemplation and operations. AI is replacing outer space as humanity’s final frontier.

An excerpt from the chapter “Cascade of Singularity” in The Technological Imperative (just published).

---

See other books by Andrey Mir:

• NEW! The Technological Imperative: Why We Develop Our Media. Essays on Human Agency and AI (2026)

• The Digital Reversal. Thread-Saga of Media Evolution (2025)

• The Viral Inquisitor and other essays on postjournalism and media ecology (2024)

• Digital Future in the Rearview Mirror: Jaspers’ Axial Age and Logan’s Alphabet Effect (2024)

• Postjournalism and the death of newspapers. The media after Trump: manufacturing anger and polarization (2020)

• Human as media. The emancipation of authorship (2014)